ANFIS–MPPT With Optimization in PEMFC‐Integrated Novel Cuk–Luo Converter Topology for Electric Vehicle Applications

ABSTRACT The growing need for sustainable transportation has rendered smart energy management in electric vehicles (EV) essential. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is a viable option for low‐power EVs owing to the superior efficiency, low emissions, and capacity for renewable energy utilization. Nonetheless, the fluctuation in the production remains a challenge for improving power harvesting in PEMFC. A fuzzy‐based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system based on the black‐winged kite (BWK) algorithm is presented in conjunction with a novel Cuk–Luo converter topology designed for EV applications. Following the hunting strategy of the black‐wing kite, the BWK algorithm is an effective way of integrating exploration and exploitation in balancing the maximum power point (MPP) of the PEMFC under changing conditions, such as load and environmental changes. This approach to adaptive MPPT allows changes to be made in real time, making it more responsive and efficient. This dynamic response to the variations offered by the capacity of the algorithm ensures the maximum power output and energy efficiency of the fuel cell. The new topology of the Cuk–Luo converter is critical for the proper control of the power flow between the PEMFC and motoring train of the EV. The converter was designed for low power usage and, therefore, minimized power losses using advanced control and improved switching techniques, which provided a stable voltage and high power efficiency under varying loads. The adaptive BWK‐based MPPT with the advanced Cuk–Luo converter is a better choice to enhance the energy conversion process, thus making fuel cells more efficient, reducing power losses, and increasing the range of vehicles. The solution provides an effective, complete, and efficient method for controlling the power of low‐power EVs, making transportation networks more sustainable, effective, and energy efficient.