Enhancement Strategies for Bioelectrocatalytic Conversion of Organic Waste

Bioelectrocatalytic conversion of organic waste uses renewable electricity to convert organic waste into high-value chemicals and fuels under mild conditions. It is regarded as a strategic link connecting waste refinement and the green economy, providing a sustainable approach for the high-value utilization of waste resources. This article systematically reviews: (1) the basic principles and reaction mechanisms of bioelectrocatalytic conversion of organic waste; (2) the development history and key breakthroughs of organic waste biological electrochemical conversion; (3) microbial engineering strategies based on genetic engineering and synthetic biology; (4) the directions for process and reactor optimization. This review uniquely integrates advancements in biological innovation and process engineering, offering a holistic perspective on synergistic optimization across molecular, microbial, and reactor scales. By explicitly bridging microbial carbon/electron flux engineering with bioreactor design and process coupling, it aims to establish a comprehensive roadmap for accelerating the industrial-scale application of bioelectrocatalytic technologies in organic waste treatment.