Glass Artifacts in Plantation Contexts: Evidence from the Murutucu Site in the Amazon, Brazil

This study analyzes material evidence from the Murutucu Sugar Cane Mill in the Brazilian Amazon to clarify the socioeconomic structure of plantation life in the nineteenth century. By combining archaeological and historical sources, the research highlights pronounced differences in how glass objects were used by planters versus the enslaved individuals. Luxury items like wine bottles and decorative pieces were mainly linked to the planter class, demonstrating their wealth and status, while more utilitarian items appeared in the areas inhabited by enslaved individuals, reflecting restricted access to high-end goods. The work also addresses the repurposing of bottles, offering insights into consumption patterns and recycling practices of the era. Importantly, it presents a detailed examination of intentionally knapped tools from the slave quarters interior, especially the most complete example, as evidence of technological adaptation and resourcefulness among the enslaved. These findings enhance our understanding of plantation archaeology by shedding light on everyday life and social dynamics within this historical setting.