Targeting JAK/STAT Signaling with Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Potential Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with heterogeneous multi-organ manifestations and poorly understood pathogenesis.The variable therapeutic outcomes and potential for cross-indication treatments underscore the need to identify pivotal disease-driving signaling pathways for developing innovative and safer regimens.By categorizing the pathogenesis of SLE into three interconnected stages involving over-activated immune response, skewed cytokine homeostasis, and impaired debris clearance, and analyzing public clinical data, this review posits that the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) axis is a central driver of SLE pathogenesis.Accordingly, it explores the potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to modulate this pathway for therapeutic benefit that require further experimental and clinical validations.