Decoding the Heart Failure Peptidome

This study uniquely identifies peptides according to their regulation and likelihood of being a bioactive peptide in patients with HF compared with non-HF controls. The study provides crucial peptide-level information to complement protein-based methodologies. The most promising peptides were related to the renin-angiotensin system, natriuretic peptides, and cardiometabolic regulation. The stepwise ranking highlights the HF peptide signal important for outcome and provides a rich resource for additional exploration.