Productivity of modern Bulgarian and Polish winter triticale varieties in three locations in Bulgaria

A comparative four-year field trial of triticale productivity was conducted in two climatic regions of Bulgaria. The work was carried out on the experimental fields of the scientific institutes in Sadovo, Chirpan and General Toshevo at the Agricultural Academy (Bulgaria). Ten triticale varieties - Bulgarian and Polish selections, were studied. Sowing for each variety was carried out on an area of 10 m² in 3 repetitions, after a predecessor of sunflower without applying fertilizers. Environmental conditions were assessed using the De Marton Index. Grain yield, the influence of the variety, the conditions of the year and the location were analysed, and the highestyielding varieties for each agrometeorological region were identified. The significant differences in the mean values were calculated using the least significant difference (LSD) procedure and the significant F-test. The results showed that the effects of the variety, location and the total effect of the variety and location are similar and medium in size. The Avocado (5,357.0 kg ha-1), Doni-52 (5,357.0 kg ha-1) and Casino (9,231.0 kg ha-1) varieties are underlined in terms of grain yield in the three regions, Chirpan, Sadovo and General Toshevo, respectively. The highest average yield was achieved in General Toshevo (7,452.0 kg ha-1), followed by Sadovo (5,494.0 kg ha-1) and Chirpan (4,918.0 kg ha-1). 2021 was the most successful in terms of production, which is associated with semi-humid conditions in General Toshevo, Chirpan and Sadovo, according to the De Marton Index.