Consequential Validity-Centered Measure Development: An Illustration Using the ESSY Whole Child Screener

Consequential validity (positive and negative consequences of test use) has long been considered a key component to assessment validity, yet explicit focus within measure development and evaluation research has been limited. In this paper, we offer a path forward using the Consequential Validity-Centered Measure Development (CVMD) framework. We argue that attending to consequential validity during the measure development process positions developers to proactively improve consequences of test use. CVMD is an integrated, mixed methods approach that includes 10 steps across four distinct phases of measure development. CVMD maintains all core elements of quantitatively focused measure development frameworks to ensure psychometric adequacy while also integrating qualitative methods to maximize usability, relevance, and positive consequences. We explain how the CVMD framework was operationalized in our development of the ESSY Whole Child Screener. In providing the CVMD framework, we aim to support assessment developers in centering consequential validity in the measure development process.