The Digital Occlusion and Electromyographic Analysis of a Child with Spinal Muscular Atrophy II and Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita: A Report of Rare Case

REPORTclinicians to evaluate the sequence of the occlusal contacts, percentage of force changes, and occlusion efficiency.It can precisely evaluate occluding or disocclusion time and quickly identify prematurity, high spots, areas of excessive force, and nonuniform force concentration. 5utis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC), an uncommon congenital vascular malformation, presents as a benign, persistent, reticulated marbled erythema that blanches under pressure and is associated with musculoskeletal, vascular, cardiovascular, neurological, and ocular abnormalities. 6 IntroductIonSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition marked by progressive muscle weakening and degeneration, frequently leading to substantial impairment and early mortality. 1he incidence and prevalence of SMA vary due to geographic and ethnic factors.Certain European populations may have a greater prevalence, but it is rare in Asians.SMA has five phenotypes (SMA 0-4) based on severity and age of onset.SMA 0 is the most severe form, with onset in the prenatal period.SMA I, or Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, is the most common, with severe weakness and respiratory issues before 6 months.SMA II and III are intermediate, appearing at 6-18 months and >18 months, respectively.SMA IV is rarer, with mild symptoms and adult onset.Affected individuals may experience slow progression with symptoms like muscle twitching and weakness. 2keletal muscle, accounting for 40% of body mass, performs various essential functions such as thermogenesis; carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; visceral protection; protein storage; and bodily movement.Skeletal muscle atrophy results from protein imbalance triggered by oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial issues. 3Degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, which relay information to muscles, leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles in SMA cases; thus, lack of stimulation results in muscle weakening and wasting. 2 Electromyography (EMG) is an advanced technique used in dentistry to account for and gauge the bioelectrical properties of skeletal muscle activity.It records the neuromuscular activity of key muscles involved in chewing, swallowing, and posture, such as masseter, temporalis, digastric, and sternocleidomastoid or trapezius, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning. 4he T-scan III is a computerized technology that analyzes occlusion by measuring force and contact in real time.It enables