Jatropodagines A and B: Lathyrane Diterpenoid Dimers from <i>Jatropha podagrica</i> , Inducing Paraptosis-Like Cell Death

The first-reported lathyrane diterpenoid dimers, named jatropodagines A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), were isolated from <i>Jatropha podagrica</i>. Compound <b>1</b> is a [4 + 2] dimer featuring a spirocyclic five-membered ring, while compound <b>2</b> features a unique 3/11/5/5/11/3/3-fused heptacyclic scaffold, formed via an intermolecular Michael addition between two monomers. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> potently induced paraptosis in HepG2 cells by triggering excessive ROS accumulation and ER stress.