Human Nature and Evolution in Murray Bookchin's Social Ecology

Abstract Over the years, human agency being one of the cardinal points of concern in research is best studied through its activities, hence the imperative of human nature. This concern extends to the interconnectedness among human, nature and society hence the imperative of Social Ecology. According to Murray Bookchin, social ecology is a nature philosophy and social theory that is concerned with the emergence of social nature (second nature) from biological nature (first nature) and the possibility of a free nature asserting that all ecological problems are rooted in deep-seated social problems. The relevance of this work centers on the fact that the universe is interconnected and the damage to nature is invariably damage to the universe. However, little effort has been directed towards the complementarity of entities in the universe. For neither competition nor superiority but complementarity will aid in restoring considerable equilibrium in the universe. Using analytic, historical, descriptive and evaluative methods, this work posits that one of the most effective way of achieving an ecological society is by upholding diligently, the principle of complementarity in the relationship among human, nature and society. This can be demonstrable in the fact that man as a rational and vocal agent has the responsibility of not just innovation but also nature’s protection. As such, the more the awareness of preference of complementarity, the easier it is to achieve an ecological society and with the possible establishment of an ecological society-rational society, ecological studies must have gained a bonus.