Interaction between seeding rates and different wheat varieties in improving yield

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2023–2024 on the farm of one of the farmers, using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. The study aimed to investigate the effect of three seeding rates (100, 140 and 180 kg ha-1) as the main treatments on the growth and yield of five wheat varieties (Fayad, Al-Rashid, Tamouz, IPA 99 and Al-Hashimiyya) as the subplots. The results showed that the seeding rate of 100 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest mean values for flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight and harvest index, with values of 15.36 cm², 47.20 g and 26.56 %, respectively. On the other hand, the 180 kg ha-1 seeding rate exhibited superior performance in biological yield and total yield, with values of 21.16 t ha-1 and 5.71 t ha-1, respectively. The 140 kg ha-1 seeding rate was distinguished by producing the highest harvest index, with a mean value of 28.87 %. Significant differences were observed among the varieties for most of the traits studied. The variety Al-Rashid achieved the highest mean values for flag leaf area, total yield and harvest index, with 14.71 cm², 5.92 kg ha-1 and 28.90 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the variety Tamouz recorded the highest mean 1000-grain weight, 52.34 g, while the variety IPA 99 exhibited the highest biological yield, reaching 22.58 t ha-1.