Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the Japanese encephalitis virus vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus from the Republic of Korea

These findings indicate the need for further investigations into insecticide resistance in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to support effective vector control and mitigate the risk of JEV transmission. Moreover, the results suggest that pyrethroid resistance in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus may not be driven solely by kdr mutations, indicating the potential involvement of additional resistance mechanisms.