Conceptualising and Policing Domestic Violence in Esanland: A Theoretical Analysis of Patriarchal Norms and Cultural Legitimacy

ABSTRACT: Purpose: This theoretical paper explores domestic violence (DV) within the sociocultural framework of Esanland (Oto Esan[1]), Edo State, Nigeria. It aims to critically examine how entrenched patriarchal ideologies, and cultural norms shape the perception and perpetuation of DV in this rural context. Methods: Using patriarchal theory and the ecological Model, the study engages in a conceptual examination of DV as a culturally embedded phenomenon. It synthesizes existing literature, cultural narratives, and normative structures to interrogate how violence is legitimized and sustained within traditional gender hierarchies. Results: The analysis reveals that DV in Esanland is normalized through patriarchal traditions that reinforce male dominance and female subjugation. These cultural constructs obscure the severity of abuse and hinder effective intervention. The study highlights the absence of institutional accountability, inadequate policing strategies, and limited community-based resistance, which perpetuate the cycle of violence. Conclusions: DV in Esanland reflects broader ideological systems that require critical engagement and cultural reconfiguration. Addressing DV in this context demands a shift in gender norms, the development of culturally sensitive prevention frameworks, and the empowerment of marginalized voices.