Multidisciplinary Strategies for Targeting Tumor Dormancy in Breast Cancer Therapeutics: Hallmarks, Mechanism, and Approaches

ABSTRACT Breast cancer (BC) recurrence and metastasis present formidable therapeutic challenges, accounting for approximately 90% of BC‐related mortalities. One critical driver of these clinical setbacks is tumor dormancy, a phenomenon frequently encountered in BC management. Recent advancements in tumor dormancy research have elucidated multifaceted mechanisms governing cellular quiescence, microenvironmental interactions, and immune evasion during dormant phases. These insights have accelerated the development of multidisciplinary strategies integrating oncology, material technologies, genetic engineering, and systems biology to target dormant tumor reservoirs. By targeting dormant cancer cells through immune checkpoint modulation, metabolic reprogramming, microenvironmental remodeling, and novel therapeutic strategies are emerging to prevent relapse and metastatic progression. This review synthesizes current mechanistic understandings and multidisciplinary approaches, highlighting their potential to transform BC therapy by addressing the unmet clinical need of targeting dormant tumor populations.