Can Invasive Suckermouth Catfish, <i>Hypostomus Plecostomus</i> , Be Used as Fishmeal? A Potential Solution to Eradicate it from the Buriganga River, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT The sustainable replacement of conventional fish meal (CFM) remains a critical challenge for aquaculture, given its rising cost and limited supply. This study evaluated the nutritional composition, physical properties, safety, and economic feasibility of suckermouth catfish ( Hypostomus plecostomus ) meal (SMC) as a potential alternative protein source and as a management strategy for controlling this invasive species in the Buriganga river. Proximate composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition, selected physical properties, and contaminant levels (heavy metals, pesticide residues, dyes, and antibiotics) were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. Proximate analysis revealed slightly lower crude protein in SMC than in CFM, but comparable lipid and ash contents. Physical property assessments indicated favourable bulk density, water stability, and solubility index, supporting its suitability for pelleted feed formulations. Amino acid profiling highlighted high levels of glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine, while fatty acid analysis showed the dominance of palmitic and oleic acids, though with relatively low levels of EPA and DHA. Heavy metal concentrations were within international safety limits, while trace pesticide residues were detected. Economic analysis indicated substantially lower production cost compared to CFM. However, pesticide residues and malachite green were detected, reflecting persistent contamination of the Buriganga river and underscoring potential food safety risks. The findings suggest that SMC may serve as a partial fishmeal substitute under controlled conditions, subject to further validation through feeding trials and safety monitoring. This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of SMC from Bangladesh and highlights its promise and limitations as a sustainable aquafeed ingredient.