The Impact of Generative AI on 6G Network Architecture and Service

The transition from 5G to 6G wireless systems marks a paradigm shift from “connected things” to “connected intelligence,” driven by the necessity to manage hyper-heterogeneous networks and overcome the Shannon capacity limit. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzes 118 primary studies to evaluate the transformative impact of Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) on 6G architecture. We categorize the integration of GenAI into five semantic clusters: Architecture, Management, Security, Semantics, and Edge AI. The synthesis reveals that 6G is evolving toward an “AI-Native” ecosystem where LLMs show strong promise for augmenting network orchestration through Intent-Based Networking (IBN) and generative models demonstrate significant potential to augment or transcend traditional physical layer algorithms. Furthermore, the review identifies a fundamental transition from bit-oriented to semantic-oriented communication, utilizing GenAI to reconstruct meaning from minimal data. However, critical challenges remain, particularly the “energy–intelligence paradox” and the risks of model hallucinations in critical infrastructure. We conclude that while GenAI provides the necessary cognitive flexibility for 6G, its successful deployment depends on solving the “inference gap” through split learning and extreme model quantization at the edge.