National Level Evaluation of Fish Consumption and Analysis of Consumption Trends and Regional Differences in Türkiye

This study examines fish consumption habits across Türkiye’s seven geographical regions and identifies the factors driving regional differences in consumption. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys with 387 randomly selected individuals between May and September and analyzed using a Decision Tree algorithm. The findings indicate that regional, socio-economic, and demographic variables significantly affect fish consumption behavior. Despite Türkiye being surrounded by seas on three sides and having substantial inland water resources, per capita fish consumption has remained below global and European averages. Although consumption has increased in recent years, annual per capita intake in Türkiye ranges from 7 to 11 kg, compared with approximately 20 kg worldwide and 24 kg in the European Union. Fish is a nutritionally valuable food, providing high-quality protein, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, with well-established health benefits. However, low consumption in Türkiye is mainly linked to traditional dietary habits, price fluctuations, limited access to fresh fish, insufficient consumer awareness, and socio-economic constraints. Consumption is higher in coastal regions, while inland regions show lower intake due to accessibility and cultural factors. The study highlights the need for region-specific awareness initiatives, consumer education, and sustainable aquaculture policies to increase fish consumption in Türkiye.