Meaningful Experiences in Nature: A Review of Their Role in Shaping Urban Conservation

This review synthesises the existing literature on meaningful experiences in nature and their potential to shape conservation behaviour in urban protected areas. Empirical evidence suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in environmental stewardship when they have meaningful encounters with nature. Such experiences, characterised by strong emotional connection and lasting cognitive impact, can transform perceptions, emotions, and behaviours, as a result motivating pro-conservation actions. To achieve this, a thematic synthesis approach was adopted, guided by inclusion criteria that consider empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and cultural and spiritual narratives. Drawing on theories such as biophilia and constructivism, the review explores how emotional responses (e.g., awe, wonder, transcendence and life-changing moments) nurture a deeper connection to nature and inspire conservation-oriented behaviours. The findings highlight the importance of designing nature-based activities that evoke meaningful experiences, bridging the gap between emotional connection and practical conservation action.