From Birth to Practice: Characterizing the Geographic Migration of US Orthopaedic Surgeons

This study demonstrates that birthplace and training location are strongly associated with practice location for US orthopaedic surgeons. Despite variation in trainee numbers by state, the distribution of practicing surgeons normalizes relative to state population, likely driven by economic incentives, local workforce demands, and market conditions. Given the strong statistical association for surgeons to practice near their training location, aligning local programs with underserved or high-need areas may offer a potential solution to reduce regional disparities and improve access to orthopaedic care.