Accessibility challenges for older adults and people with disabilities: An urban mobility perspective in the age of smart transport technologies

In times defined by a rapid transition towards a smart technology paradigm, accessibility remains a key prerequisite for social inclusion, equity and quality of life, especially for populations with special mobility needs like older adults and people with disabilities. This study meticulously reviews the existing literature to identify barriers and opportunities related to the mobility of these vulnerable groups within urban transport systems. Using systematic, narrative, thematic and bibliometric literature review tools, the study synthesises the findings of 60 studies from various disciplines, including transport, urban planning and social sciences. The outcomes illustrate that inadequate road infrastructure, such as poorly maintained sidewalks, inaccessible public transport stops and vehicles as well as insufficient tactile and auditory aids, severely limit mobility and independence. Public transport systems often lack user-friendly design, functional support for mobility aids and adequately trained staff. Technological advances, while promising, pose a challenge in terms of compatibility and accessibility for these groups; digital literacy and ease of use are factors that cannot be ignored. Policy recommendations are proposed to address these barriers, focusing on improving infrastructure, adopting inclusive design principles and enhancing services, affordability and staff training. Also, integrating and simplifying innovative transport technologies, like Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and digital mobility tools, to support equitable and inclusive mobility is a critical way forward. This study's findings highlight the interdisciplinary nature of transport accessibility research and the need for a holistic and universal approach to urban and transport planning. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and practitioners can significantly improve the autonomy, participation and well-being of older adults and people with disabilities, promoting a more liveable built and road environment. • Accessibility and mobility are two interlinked societal needs that may define not only access to travel and destinations but for some vulnerable populations even their quality of life per se. • This study reviews narratively and systematically 60 studies to identify and contextualise the transport barriers that older adults and people with disabilities face in urban eco-systems. • Infrastructure, socio-psychological, financial and service barriers are recognised spanning from concerns around inadequate road infrastructure and digital illiteracy to unaffordable travel and problematic public transport provision. • Targeted solutions are proposed around improving infrastructure, inclusive design and technology adoption and enhancing services, affordability and staff training. • Building accessible urban transport for all is a pathway to more liveable cities.