Nfil3 integrates circadian rhythm and microbial metabolite signaling to maintain gut–liver immune–metabolic homeostasis under high-fat diet stress

These findings support a role for Nfil3 as a regulatory node linking microbial functional potential with immune and metabolic responses in MASLD. Although preclinical in nature, this work provides a mechanistic framework that may inform future translational investigations into how microbiota-associated metabolic reprogramming influences host immune-metabolic homeostasis. Further circadian-resolved and metabolite-level studies, together with human interventional validation, will be required to determine the clinical relevance of the microbiota-Nfil3 axis.