Dielectric Metasurface for Generating Longitudinally Separated Dual-Channel Focused Vectorial Structured Light

The manipulation of vector beams (VBs) with longitudinally variant polarization states is an important research topic and has potential applications in classical and quantum fields. In this study, we propose a half-wave plate dielectric metasurface composed of two interleaved sub-metasurfaces to generate longitudinally separated dual-channel vectorial structured light fields. The propagation and Pancharatnam–Berry phases are employed to construct hyperbolic, helical, and opposite gradient phases for focusing wavefronts, generating circularly polarized (CP) vortices, and deflecting CP vortices with the same chirality in opposite directions. Consequently, dual-channel higher-order or hybrid-order Poincaré (HOP or HyOP) beams are generated along the optical axis under elliptically polarized illumination, and their polarization states evolve along an arbitrary pair of antipodal meridians on the HOP or HyOP sphere by varying the ellipticity of the incident light, the propagation-phase topological charge, and the rotation order of the meta-atom. The consistency between the theoretical and simulated results demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. This study is significant for compact, integrated, and multifunctional optical devices, and provides an innovative strategy to extend optical field manipulation from two-dimensional to three-dimensional space.