Tailoring the many-body effects and phase configurations in monolayer MSi ₂ X ₄ (M = Mo, W; X = N, P, As, Sb) for wide-range bandgap engineering

Monolayer MoSi₂N₄ has emerged as a landmark 2D semiconductor due to its exceptional stability and unique septuple-layer architecture. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations combined with GW quasiparticle corrections to systematically investigate the electronic evolution and phase stability of MSi₂X₄ (M = Mo, W; X = N, P, As, Sb). We demonstrate that substituting N with heavier pnictogens triggers a definitive ground-state transition to the <i>γ</i> phase. More importantly, we find that incorporating P, As, or Sb induces a transition to direct-bandgap character at the K point, a feature consistently observed across all examined configurations (<i>α</i>, <i>β</i>, and <i>γ</i>). Our quasiparticle results reveal an extraordinary bandgap tunability of ∼3.0 eV, spanning from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared spectrum. Crucially, we uncover a systematic collapse of many-body renormalization effects, where the quasiparticle correction (Δ<i>E</i>_g) diminishes from over 1.0 eV in nitrides to ∼0.2 eV in antimonides. This phenomenon is quantitatively linked to the transition from localized, weakly-screened states to a highly polarizable dielectric environment with enhanced p-d hybridization. Our findings establish a versatile strategy for tailoring the electronic response of "thick" 2D systems, providing a roadmap for designing next-generation nanoelectronics across the ultraviolet to infrared spectrum.