Effect of Altitude on the Agronomic Performance of Four Improved Maize Varieties Under Dissemination in Côte d’Ivoire

Maize is a staple crop for millions, yet its production in Côte d’Ivoire remains below potential despite advances in improved varieties. Environmental conditions, including altitude, potentially influence maize performance, but data on altitude’s effect in Côte d’Ivoire are scarce. This study assessed the impact of altitude on four maize varieties to identify the best performers at different elevations. Experiments were conducted in three altitudinal zones: Adzopé (low altitude, 113 m), Bédiala (medium altitude, 291 m), and Dikodougou (high altitude, 390 m). A randomized complete block design was used in each zone. Agronomic parameters such as plant height, ear length, ear weight, weight of 100 grains, and grain yield were analyzed. Results showed that the highest average plant height (1.83 ± 0.33 m) was in Adzopé, while Bédiala had the lowest (1.46 ± 0.70 m). Bédiala also recorded the longest ear length (13.82 ± 2.88 cm), highest ear weight (97.95 ± 40.66 g), weight of 100 grains (25.26 ± 7.15 g), and grain yield (1647.66 ± 412.8 kg·ha −1 ). In Adzopé, the Violet de Katiola variety had the best yield (1213.77 ± 55.85 kg·ha −1 ). In Bédiala, the SR21 variety excelled with the highest yield (1881.42 ± 496.59 kg·ha −1 ). In Dikodougou, the Barka variety had the best yield (1274.48 ± 426.14 kg·ha −1 ). Altitude influences maize’s agronomic traits, and each variety performs best at a specific altitude. These findings guide farmers and policymakers in selecting optimal maize varieties for each altitudinal zone, improving agricultural planning and resource utilization.