Paper 6: A Linearised Rotating Exterior Perturbation of the Four-Dimensional Scale Space Framework: Scale-Kerr to First Order in Angular Momentum

We derive the linearised rotating exterior perturbation of the four-dimensional scale space framework—the “scale-Kerr” solution—to first order in the angular momentum parameter a = J/Mc. The framework treats (x,y,z,s) as a four-dimensional configuration manifold, not a spacetime: s is the physical scale coordinate and time remains an external evolution parameter. The background geometry is AdS4 in Poincar´e coordinates (Paper 1 [1]) with Λ =−6/L^2. We write down the 4D linearised Einstein equations, establish the Lichnerowicz operator, impose Lorenz gauge and axisymmetry, and specialise to the rotating off-diagonal sector hϕs in cylindrical coordinates (ρ,ϕ,z,s). The resulting second-order PDE is solved exactly in Poincar´e coordinates ζ= Le^(−s/L): the ζ-sector is a Bessel equation of order νB = sqrt[2(L+ 1)/L], yielding the separated exterior mode solution hϕs ∝ K1(kρ) IνB (κζ). In the near zone (kρ≪1) this gives the near-zone asymptotic form of the rotating perturbation with exact scale-decay exponent λexact =−νB/L. The result exhibits off-diagonal gϕs coupling proportional to J/ρ, a proposed scale-ergosphere-analogue condition gss = 0, and exact recovery of the non-rotating solution as a→0. The separation constant k, which sets the spatial scale of the dragging field, is not fixed by the vacuum exterior equations alone and requires interior matching; the paper derives the mode structure and near-zone form, leaving full normalisation to future work. This resolves the linearised exterior rotating sector of the open problem identified in Paper 2 [2], and provides the foundation for computing scale-dragging observables in neutron star and black hole binaries.

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-05-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19208248
Primary Topic
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Type
preprint
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Paper 6: A Linearised Rotating Exterior Perturbation of the Four-Dimensional Scale Space Framework: Scale-Kerr to First Order in Angular Momentum

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
preprint

Paper 6: A Linearised Rotating Exterior Perturbation of the Four-Dimensional Scale Space Framework: Scale-Kerr to First Order in Angular Momentum

preprint en

Abstract

We derive the linearised rotating exterior perturbation of the four-dimensional scale space framework—the “scale-Kerr” solution—to first order in the angular momentum parameter a = J/Mc. The framework treats (x,y,z,s) as a four-dimensional configuration manifold, not a spacetime: s is the physical scale coordinate and time remains an external evolution parameter. The background geometry is AdS4 in Poincar´e coordinates (Paper 1 [1]) with Λ =−6/L^2. We write down the 4D linearised Einstein equations, establish the Lichnerowicz operator, impose Lorenz gauge and axisymmetry, and specialise to the rotating off-diagonal sector hϕs in cylindrical coordinates (ρ,ϕ,z,s). The resulting second-order PDE is solved exactly in Poincar´e coordinates ζ= Le^(−s/L): the ζ-sector is a Bessel equation of order νB = sqrt[2(L+ 1)/L], yielding the separated exterior mode solution hϕs ∝ K1(kρ) IνB (κζ). In the near zone (kρ≪1) this gives the near-zone asymptotic form of the rotating perturbation with exact scale-decay exponent λexact =−νB/L. The result exhibits off-diagonal gϕs coupling proportional to J/ρ, a proposed scale-ergosphere-analogue condition gss = 0, and exact recovery of the non-rotating solution as a→0. The separation constant k, which sets the spatial scale of the dragging field, is not fixed by the vacuum exterior equations alone and requires interior matching; the paper derives the mode structure and near-zone form, leaving full normalisation to future work. This resolves the linearised exterior rotating sector of the open problem identified in Paper 2 [2], and provides the foundation for computing scale-dragging observables in neutron star and black hole binaries.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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Paper 6: A Linearised Rotating Exterior Perturbation of the Four-Dimensional Scale Space Framework: Scale-Kerr to First Order in Angular Momentum · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS