A design method for stable, efficient MW-level phase-locked magnetrons based on differential regulation of intercoupled modes

Addressing phase-locking instability caused by mode interference in efficient phase-locked magnetrons, this paper proposes a design method for stable, efficient phase-locked MW-level non-relativistic S-band magnetrons based on differential regulation of intercoupled modes. By constructing a hybrid-waveguide coupling structure and regulating the relative position between the abrupt interfaces and the standing wave nodes, the field amplitude of interference modes in the anode cavities can be significantly weakened to suppress their excitation, with negligible impact on the operating mode. Multiple particle-in-cell simulations verify that at the optimal interface position Xc = 1/4λgc (located in the single-mode operating region), the frequency peaks of the two interference modes disappear. The system achieves a stable locked state within 10–20 ns after saturation, representing about a 1/2 reduction in stable locked time compared to conventional coupling structures, while maintaining an electronic efficiency comparable to that of a single free-running magnetron. Field distribution tests further confirm the differential regulation capability, demonstrating that the frequency deviation amplitudes of interference modes are suppressed to approximately 50% of that of the operating mode. While maintaining the original high-efficiency phase-locking advantage, this design method significantly improves the operating stability of the intercoupled magnetron, demonstrating good application potential in large-scale phase-locked arrays.