Geophysics and Artificial Intelligence: What Revolutions?

The relationship between Geophysics and Artificial Intelligence is examined through the lens of the ongoing digital transformation, driven by three major revolutions that have reshaped human interaction with the natural environment: the computer revolution, the quantum revolution, and the probabilistic revolution. Within this framework, Earth Intelligence emerges as the mathematical and conceptual bridge that reconciles Geophysics with Artificial Intelligence. By integrating physical laws, probabilistic modelling, and data-driven learning, Earth Intelligence provides a unified approach that enhances the ability of geophysics to deliver more accurate, scalable, and uncertainty-aware representations of the subsurface.