Microenvironmental Dysregulation in Androgenetic Alopecia: Molecular Pathways and Translational Implications for Regenerative Therapies

This narrative review integrates current knowledge on hair follicle biology and molecular signaling pathways into a unified microenvironment-driven conceptual framework for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The manuscript examines the role of dermal papilla dysfunction, epithelial–mesenchymal signaling alterations, and changes in vascular and adipose niches in the pathophysiology of follicular miniaturization. Furthermore, it discusses the translational implications of emerging regenerative approaches, including stromal vascular fraction therapies, exosome-based strategies, and molecular pathway modulation.