What Is the Address of Your Emergency? Navigating Language Barriers in 911 Calls with Mandarin-Speaking Callers.

Our study demonstrates that despite institutional access to interpreter services, delayed utilization prolonged key interactions and potentially compromised response times. Findings underscore the need for PST training in LEP-specific communication strategies and the development of multilingual public education tools. Improving the timing of interpreter engagement and supporting callers through culturally responsive communication may enhance the efficiency and equity of emergency response systems.