Spondylodiscitis Following Oxygen–Ozone Therapy: A Case Report of Lactobacillus iners Infection and a Systematic Literature Review
This report is the first to describe <i>L. iners</i> spondylodiscitis in an immunocompetent patient following O<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>3</sub> therapy. Clinicians should vigilantly evaluate post-infiltration spinal infections, maintain a low threshold for imaging and biopsy, and implement pathogen-targeted antibiotic regimens, with surgical intervention as needed.
Authors
- Maria Ilaria Borruto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-4720)
- Andrea Perna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2475-1955)
- Luca Proietti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1880-3740)
- Calogero Velluto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-5748)
- Laura Scaramuzzo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-121X)
- Michele Inverso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-4249)
- Giovan Giuseppe Mazzella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-9537)
- Riccardo Totti
Institutions
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IT)
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Diseases
- Published
- 2026-03-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14030115
- Primary Topic
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00