Improving Flow Performance of Fire Fighter Jet Nozzle Through Internal Geometry Modification with ANSYS Fluent Simulation

Fire jet nozzle is a fire extinguishing equipment that is attached to a hose, allowing for the direct discharge of water onto the source of a fire. Consequently, the flow performance of this equipment is crucial during firefighting operations. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the flow performance of fire fighting jet nozzles using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent. The research aims to evaluate improvement in nozzle efficiency by observing flow parameters such as velocity, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy. Two nozzle models were simulated: a standard branchpipe model and a modified model with a more tapered internal profile. Simulation results revealed that the modified nozzle significantly improved flow characteristics, showing a maximum velocity of 76.86 m/s compared to 38.27 m/s in the standard design. Similarly, the pressure at the outlet increased from 579017 Pa to 1305350 Pa, and turbulent kinetic energy rose from 2.75 m²/s² to 8.98 m²/s². These findings demonstrate that the geometry modified nozzle can increase exit velocities and pressures due to reduced resistance within the flow cross-section, potentially enhancing fire extinguishing range and effectiveness. The findings provide practical guidance for equipment manufacturers and emergency services, while also demonstrating the role of CFD as a digital design tool that supports smart firefighting strategies.