A Method for Underwater Image Enhancement Utilizing Polarization Inspired by the Mantis Shrimp’s Multi-Dimensional Visual Imaging Mechanism

Optical attenuation caused by absorption and scattering in turbid water significantly degrades underwater image quality, making reliable underwater imaging a challenging problem. Underwater polarization imaging has attracted increasing attention because of its ability to suppress scattered light and provide additional polarization cues. However, existing polarization-based enhancement approaches often adapt conventional underwater image enhancement strategies, and the multi-dimensional characteristics of polarization information are not always fully utilized, which may limit detail restoration in complex underwater environments. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bio-inspired underwater polarization image enhancement framework motivated by the polarization vision mechanism of marine organisms. Specifically, a two-stage architecture consisting of a Polarization Adversarial Network (PAN) and a Polarization Enhancement Network (PEN) is designed. The PAN incorporates a Bionic Antagonistic Module (BAM) to exploit complementary information among polarization channels, while Salient Feature Extraction (SFE) is introduced to reduce redundant feature interference. The subsequent PEN integrates a frequency-aware Mamba-based structure to enhance feature representation and improve detail reconstruction. Experiments on simulated underwater polarization datasets indicate that the proposed framework can effectively suppress backscattering and improve structural detail visibility in challenging underwater scenes, demonstrating competitive performance compared with representative traditional and learning-based methods.