DIARAGEN VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION, PATHOGENESIS, AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Diarrheagenic viruses are among the major etiological factors of acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal diseases in humans. These viruses are especially widespread among children and can lead to disturbances in water-electrolyte balance and dehydration of the body. Diarrheagenic viruses include rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and sapoviruses. They differ from each other in terms of genetic structure, morphological characteristics, and epidemiological distribution. This article provides detailed information on the classification of diarrheagenic viruses, the pathogenesis processes after their entry into the human body, and modern laboratory diagnostic methods used for their detection. These viruses mainly infect intestinal epithelial cells, disrupt the absorption of nutrients, and increase the secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestine, resulting in the development of diarrhea. Laboratory diagnosis plays an important role in identifying the disease, and methods such as antigen detection tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological examinations, and electron microscopy are widely used. These methods are essential for accurate virus identification, strengthening epidemiological surveillance, and developing preventive measures against the disease.