Navigating dual healthcare systems in rural areas, Mbé district: Intersections between traditional caring cultures and western nursing practices in Cameroon

Healthcare systems in Cameroon reflect a complex interplay between traditional and Western healthcare practices, particularly in the rural Mbé District, where accessibility and resource availability vary widely. While Western healthcare services in this region are primarily delivered by nursing professionals, patients frequently navigate between these and traditional systems. This study examines how rural populations engage with these dual systems, highlighting factors influencing their healthcare choices and the intersections between traditional and modern approaches. Qualitative explorative design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 30 participants from three rural communities in the Mbé District. To provide triangulation of perspectives, participants included healthcare users, traditional healers, and Western healthcare providers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns in healthcare-seeking behavior and the nature of interactions between the two systems. The findings reveal that cultural beliefs, financial constraints, and perceived treatment efficacy influence healthcare decisions. Traditional healthcare practices remain a trusted source for chronic illnesses and culturally significant conditions, while Western healthcare practices are preferred for acute medical emergencies. Limited collaboration between practitioners was observed, often hindered by mutual mistrust. However, some patients reported combining treatments from both systems, demonstrating a pragmatic coexistence. Cultural, economic, and systemic factors shape the navigation of dual healthcare systems in rural Cameroon. Understanding the intersections between traditional and Western healthcare practices offers a pathway to more inclusive delivery. Future research should explore feasible strategies for fostering communication between traditional and modern healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes.