Diversity of Sporous Plants (<i>Bryophyta and Pteridophyta</i>) and Lichens in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve Area, West Java

The study aims to determine the diversity of terrestrial fern species (pteridophyta) and mosses (bryophyta) in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java. The method used in this study is a qualitative description of the design of the transmission belt. Collected samples were conducted with a purposive sampling method. A lengthy transect line extends approximately 110 meters and comprises up to six quadrants, each measuring 10 by10 meters. The research identified eight types of terrestrial fern, including two in three orders and six families; seven species have been identified with a total of 437 individuals in the form of moss plants and 235 individuals from nine species of lichens belonging to five families of Arthoniaceae, Collemataceae, Bacidiaceae, Graphidaceae and Leprariacea. The calculation of the results using the Shannon-Wiener index (H') index diversity type indicates that the terrestrial fern H' = 1.929 falls under the category medium. The highest Importance Value Index (INP) is Acystopteris tenuisecta with 80.148%, whereas the lowest is Pteris vittata L. at 13.614 %. The Diversity Index (H') of moss plants is 1.1041, classified as medium criteria. The diversity of lichens with a value of H'= 1.92. The most common lichen species, Bacidia sp, became the dominant species in the study area, with as many as 64 individuals exhibiting an Important Value Index (INP) of 44.475%. It shows that terrestrial ferns, moss plants and lichens are in the moderate category, so they are quite safe in carrying out their vital functions to maintain soil density.