Understanding the Biocultural Factors Influencing Infant Dietary Diversity in Periurban Guinea: Findings from a Mixed-Methods Study

This study aimed to characterize the factors influencing dietary diversity scores (DDS) of infants whose caregivers were classified as doers (those who fed a more diverse diet) and non-doers (those who fed a less diverse diet). This study was conducted using a multiphase study design and guided by a biocultural framework. <i>Phase 1</i>. Interviews with community leaders (n = 13) and direct 6-h household observations (n = 10) were used to formatively explore factors influencing diet. <i>Phase 2.</i> A dietary assessment (n = 81) was used to determine dietary diversity of indexed infants. <i>Phase 3.</i> A biocultural survey and direct 3-h. observations were conducted among indexed infants (6-9 months) (n = 80) to understand the biocultural factors influencing infant DDS. <i>Phase 4.</i> Interviews (n = 34) were conducted among indexed caregivers to understand why and how biocultural factors shape infant DDS. Dietary data were analyzed, and biocultural survey variables were subjected to a forward stepwise linear regression. Textual data were analyzed to identify salient biocultural factors. Findings revealed that infants had an average DDS of 2. Having water access in the household, owning land for homestead food production, and feeding infants the same foods caregivers consume were positively associated with DDS. Conversely, adhering to food proscriptions was negatively associated with DDS. Most caregivers were food insecure and employed both food and non-food-based coping strategies to feed their infants. Decreasing adherence to food rules, promoting homestead food production, and promoting non-food-based coping strategies may improve infant DDS in Guinea.