Disparities in Outcomes in Latino Subpopulations with Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: A Population-Based Analysis

<b>Objectives</b>: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men, with Latino patients experiencing higher cancer-specific mortality compared to non-Hispanic populations. We evaluated prostate cancer outcomes across distinct Latino subpopulations. <b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively reviewed a single tertiary comprehensive cancer center database of patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy from 2003 through 2020. Latino patients were subcategorized as Mexican, South/Central American (SCA), or Caribbean (Puerto Rico and Cuba). Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients served as the reference group. <b>Results</b>: Overall, 7084 patients were included, of which 78% (<i>n</i> = 5518) were NHW and 10% (<i>n</i> = 679) were Latinos. Compared to NHW, Latino patients were younger at the time of surgery (median 62 vs. 64 years) and had higher median BMI (median 28.8 vs. 27.5 kg/m²), median baseline PSA (6.2 vs. 5.5 ng/mL), and D'Amico intermediate- (44% vs. 42%) and high-risk disease rates (16% vs. 13%) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Among Latino patients, Mexican patients had higher median baseline PSA (6.7 vs. 6.1 vs. 6.1 ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.005) compared to SCA and Caribbean patients. Survival analysis revealed shorter 5-year (97% vs. 99%) and 10-year (89% vs. 96%) overall survival (OS) rates in Mexican Latinos compared to non-Mexican Latinos (both <i>p</i> < 0.05). The 5-year (77% vs. 80% vs. 95%) and 10-year (63% vs. 65% vs. 86%) biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were shorter for Mexican patients compared to SCA and Caribbean patients. On multivariable analysis, SCA subpopulation status was associated with significantly better OS, and pathologic T stage > T2 was associated with worse biochemical recurrence-free survival. <b>Conclusions</b>: We identified significant differences in prostate cancer outcomes for different Latino subpopulations, underscoring the importance of population disaggregation in this ethnic group.