The Problem of Interactions in Relational Quantum Mechanics

Relational quantum mechanics (RQM) purportedly resolves the measurement problem by the postulate that physical variables can take determinate values that are relational in the sense that they are indexed to particular systems. Physical variables take on relational definite values if and only if two systems interact. The discrete nature of interactions required creates an ambiguity as to whether quantum events take place in the context of weak and continuous measurements and interactions. We provide a careful analysis of this problem, explain what a full solution to this problem would require, and then analyse certain proposed resolutions - finding all of them to be insufficient in their present form. Since ‘interactions’ (and the quantum events they underpin) are central to all versions of RQM, no version of RQM presented in the literature so far resolves the measurement problem.

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Publication Details

Journal
Philosophy of Physics
Published
2026-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31389/pop.206
Primary Topic
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

The Problem of Interactions in Relational Quantum Mechanics

James Ladyman, Anthony Thompson
Philosophy of Physics
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
article

The Problem of Interactions in Relational Quantum Mechanics

James Ladyman, Anthony Thompson
article en

Abstract

Relational quantum mechanics (RQM) purportedly resolves the measurement problem by the postulate that physical variables can take determinate values that are relational in the sense that they are indexed to particular systems. Physical variables take on relational definite values if and only if two systems interact. The discrete nature of interactions required creates an ambiguity as to whether quantum events take place in the context of weak and continuous measurements and interactions. We provide a careful analysis of this problem, explain what a full solution to this problem would require, and then analyse certain proposed resolutions - finding all of them to be insufficient in their present form. Since ‘interactions’ (and the quantum events they underpin) are central to all versions of RQM, no version of RQM presented in the literature so far resolves the measurement problem.

Philosophy of PhysicsVol. 4(1)
University of Bristol (GB)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
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