Update on Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri is a condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) with the potential for irreversible, profound vision loss in the setting of bilateral swelling of the optic nerves or papilledema. Although there is an awareness of the impact of this condition on visual function, data on the risk factors for disease severity, the relevance of pubertal status on disease progression, and the optimal treatment approaches are lacking. Prospective, multicenter studies are needed to develop standardized guidelines for clinical management to maximize visual outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the understanding of pediatric IIH, which will consider epidemiology, current diagnostic criteria, management options, and visual outcomes.