Study of the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Osteoporosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy Elderly Patients

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease play a major role in bone deterioration and increased fracture risk because they influence both insulin sensitivity and bone metabolism. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between osteoporosis and insulin resistance in older individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: A total of 105 participants were enrolled in the study and divided equally into three groups: 35 diabetic patients with albuminuria, 35 diabetic patients without albuminuria, and 35 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The study was conducted at the Endocrinology & DM outpatient clinics, Menoufia University, from March 2023 to June 2024. Patients having other systemic, inflammatory, or renal diseases not attributed to DKD were excluded. Results: In this study of 105 participants (35 in each group), patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria exhibited significantly higher body weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, HbA1c, serum urea, creatinine, albumin-tocreatinine ratio, and HOMA-IR (p