A Novel Graphene Nanoplatelets Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensor for Glycated Human Albumin Detections

This study presents the development of electrochemical biosensors for the glycated albumin (GA) sensitive detection as a crucial biomarker for monitoring glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus (DM). A ferrocene-labelled DNA aptamer specific to glycated albumin was developed as an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor to detect GA. The amine-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), with their enhanced surface area, provided an optimal substrate for aptamer immobilization through covalent interactions. The layer-by-layer full EDC/NHS-GNPs-Aptamer biosensor, tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV), exhibited strong redox peaks due to the good electron transfer activity between the biosensing structures. The GA-aptamer binding was studied using square wave voltammetry (SWV), and the data revealed a linear relationship for a wide range of concentrations between 10 and 10,000 μ g/mL with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.12 μg/mL. The performance of EDC/NHS-GNPs-Aptamer-GA displayed high selectivity and good response to the low concentrations, making it a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics and the management of diabetic patients.