Physical Activity Is Associated with Gut Microbiome Features and Organic Acid Patterns in Adults Consuming Plant-Rich Diets: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

In adults consuming plant-rich diets and reporting gastrointestinal symptoms, physical activity level was associated with distinct microbiome and microbiome-related metabolic patterns under comparable estimated dietary pesticide exposure. These findings highlight the potential contribution of lifestyle factors to interindividual variability in gut microbial and metabolic profiles, while underscoring the need for age-adjusted, longitudinal, and biomarker-based studies to clarify directionality and mechanisms.