Modern DNA Detection via Traditional Methods: Conforming Algal Species in Soran Independent Administration, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

This investigation was conducted on five genetically identified algal species at five sites in the Soran administration, with sampling monthly from March 2024 to January 2025. Accurate species identification is essential for understanding biodiversity, assessing ecosystems, and managing water quality. Traditional morphological identification is standard practice for algal characterization, but these methods are time-consuming and error-prone, especially when dealing with similar-looking species or mixed populations. Modern DNA detection methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA barcoding, improve specificity and sensitivity. This study compares the effectiveness of DNA detection methods with traditional morphological techniques to confirm the presence of five algal species: Spirogyra fluviatilis, Rhizoclonium riparium, Paulschulzia pseudovolvox, Coelastrella tenuitheca, and Phaeocystis globosa, from approved algal checklists. This study evaluates the accuracy, reliability, and sensitivity of both approaches used to identify and screen these species in a specific area.