The role of maternal nutrition in postpartum depression among primiparous women: a correlational study

Purpose Postpartum depression is a significant maternal health issue. While psychosocial factors are well-known, the role of nutrition is less understood. This study aims to investigate the correlation between specific nutritional indicators diet quality, anemia and body composition and postpartum depression risk in first-time mothers. Design/methodology/approach A correlational study was conducted with 224 primiparous mothers in Jordan within six weeks postpartum. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and underwent physical measurements Body Mass Index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference. Hemoglobin levels were tested to assess anemia. Data analysis included comparative tests and regression modeling, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Findings Thirty-six percent of mothers screened positive for postpartum depression. Those with depressive symptoms exhibited significantly poorer nutritional status: a higher average BMI (29.7 vs 25.2 kg/m²), lower hemoglobin levels (10.9 vs 12.3 g/dL) and lower diet quality, marked by greater intake of processed foods and sugary beverages. Regression analysis confirmed higher BMI and anemia as the strongest independent nutritional predictors of postpartum depression. These factors, alongside socioeconomic variables, accounted for 54% of the variance in depression scores. Originality/value This study provides compelling evidence linking modifiable nutritional factors to postpartum depression in a Jordanian cohort. It uniquely identifies specific, clinically actionable indicators obesity and anemia as critical risks. The findings underscore the potential of integrating nutritional assessment into routine postpartum care to improve both mental and physical health outcomes for new mothers.