Understanding Marburg Virus Disease: A Vital Alert

A BSTRACT Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe hemorrhagic fever associated with the Marburg virus (MARV), a member of the Filoviridae family that also includes the Ebola virus. With case fatality ranging between 25% and 90%, MVD presents a considerable public health risk, particularly in areas where it is prevalent. Recent outbreaks in Tanzania have underscored the necessity for improved comprehension of MVD epidemiology. The Egyptian fruit bat ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) is believed to be the natural reservoir for the MARV. The virus transmits from fruit bats to humans and spreads among people through direct human-to-human contact. It enters the body through mucosal surfaces, skin abrasions, or through inoculation, damaging subcellular mechanisms and infiltrates tissues. Clinically, the disease primarily presents with severe hemorrhagic fever, muscle pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, leading to shock and multiorgan failure. Diagnosis of MVD typically uses reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and serology tests. Symptomatic management and supportive care are crucial for survival since no specific treatment exists. Experimental therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, and vaccines, are emerging options. Implementing preventive strategies such as public health initiatives, infection control in healthcare settings, community awareness programs, safeguarding high-risk populations, and reducing zoonotic transmission is vital in curbing future outbreaks. Therefore, comprehending and addressing the effects of MVD is crucial for global health security.