Energy‐Efficient Clustering With Hierarchical Bat‐ESO Routing and AES Security in MANET

ABSTRACT Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are made up of wirelessly connected mobile nodes that organize themselves without the need for centralized supervision. The primary concern in mobile area networks (MANETs) is energy consumption, as many mobile host activities are limited by their battery resources. The lifespan and throughput of the network are increased by lowering the energy usage. When it comes to energy conservation concerns, the effectiveness of current solutions is lower. This research proposed an energy‐saving technique integrated with a proactive MANET routing scheme to solve these limitations. The energy level and the node movement both use the routing schema. In light of the node's energy consumption assessment, the energy cost is calculated using hierarchical clustering in conjunction with the Bat Algorithm (BAT), which is combined with Energy Saving Optimization (ESO). Data packets are protected while they are being transmitted between the source and the destination using the advanced encryption standard (AES). The proposed “hierarchical‐BAT‐ESO‐AES” paradigm technique is compared to the existing Secured AODV (Sec‐AODV) and Optimal Key Management for Secure Data Transmission (OKMSDT). The comparison results show that in a secure environment, the hierarchical‐BAT‐ESO‐AES reduces end‐to‐end latency (5%), energy consumption (6%), and drop (7%) while increasing packet delivery ratio (4%).