Progress in the Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Cosmetic Analysis: From Component Detection to Transdermal Mechanism Research

Assessing cosmetic quality, safety, and effectiveness demands advanced in situ, real-time, and multi-dimensional analytical technologies, while conventional methods suffer from complex sample preparation and incomplete analysis. Raman spectroscopy, with its non-invasiveness, specific molecular fingerprint, and micron-level spatial resolution, has become a key tool for cosmetic analysis. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature from 2000 to 2025, this article systematically examined the application of Raman spectroscopy in cosmetic analysis. The systematic search and screening process ensured the comprehensiveness and rigor of the review’s research foundation, as the 69 high-quality studies covered all core application areas of Raman spectroscopy in cosmetic analysis, providing solid literature support for subsequent technical summaries and trend analysis. This article systematically reviews the application of Raman spectroscopy in the cosmetic industry for ingredient detection (approved ingredients and hazardous substances), quality control (authenticity verification and production traceability), transdermal mechanism analysis (penetration pathways and interaction with skin barriers), and efficacy assessment. Combined with typical research cases, this study examined the technical principles and practical value, as well as the limitations and shortcomings of Raman technology applications. It ultimately provides suggestions for future developments in terms of portability, intelligence, and standardization, offering references for researchers to enable technological innovation and regulatory improvements in the cosmetics industry.