Optimizing the water magnetization process in cementitious concrete: A novel static approach

This study investigates the use of magnetized water (MW) as an innovative static approach to enhance concrete performance. Sixteen concrete mixes were prepared to assess the influence of magnetization parameters using a static system with steel tanks of 20 × 20, 30 × 30, and 40 × 40 cm, up to four permanent magnets (0.25 Tesla each), and magnetization durations ranging from 1 to 24 h. Fresh and hardened properties of the mixes were evaluated. Microstructural characterization was conducted using hydration kinetics analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed a slight increase in slump flow and a reduction in initial and final setting times by up to 50% without adversely affecting workability. A 10% increase in 28-day compressive strength and a 13% reduction in water absorption were observed, indicating a denser cementitious matrix with MW. Additionally, MW enhanced early cement hydration by up to 40%, with optimal performance achieved at 1-hour exposure in a 20 × 20 cm container using four magnets. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed enhanced polymerization and increased amorphous gel formation of hydration products, leading to a denser microstructure without altering primary crystalline phases. Overall, the optimal performance was achieved using four 0.25 Tesla magnets, a 20 × 20 cm tank, and a 1-hour magnetization period. • Magnetized water (MW) improved workability, accelerated setting, and increased strength. • Best performance occurred with four magnets, a 20 × 20 cm tank, and 1-hour magnetization. • MW boosted early hydration and produced denser microstructures. • MW reduced water absorption, especially at lower w/b ratios. • Magnetization beyond 1 h or larger tanks showed reduced benefits.