RESEARCH OF MODERN PROBLEMS OF NANOPHYSICS

The term "nanotechnology" describes a broad field of scientific and technical activity dealing with objects and technical components of small dimensions. Typically, objects that are smaller than 0.1 µm in at least two dimensions are considered "nanoobjects". According to this definition, many advanced materials, as well as advanced electronic devices, are objects of nanotechnology. In addition, many aspects of molecular biotechnology, as well as macromolecular and supramolecular chemistry and nanoparticle techniques are summarized under "nanotechnology". Despite this size-oriented definition, nanotechnology, in addition to physics and chemistry, also deals with the realization of technical functions in the area between very small objects and single particles and molecules. This includes the transition from classical physics to the quantum world of small molecules and lownumber or single elementary particles. In addition to the already existing fields of nanotechnology, there is a great expectation that technical progress and nanotechnology will solve important economic, medical and environmental problems. Nanotechnology can fulfill these expectations only by using the latest technology can be met if fundamental progress can be made behind it. Therefore, very important problems for nanotechnology are discussed here.