A comprehensive review of emerging underwater repair techniques for offshore structures to enhance structural integrity and extend service life

This paper investigates advanced techniques for repairing underwater joints in fixed offshore jacket structures, focusing on critical challenges such as corrosion, fatigue, and structural degradation. It provides a comprehensive review of conventional repair methods and introduces emerging technologies, including composite wrapping systems, remotely operated vehicle (ROV)-assisted interventions, hyperbaric welding, and underwater additive manufacturing. Key factors such as structural integrity, safety, cost-efficiency, and compliance with offshore engineering standards are thoroughly examined. The study integrates real-world case studies and explores future trends, such as AI-driven structural health monitoring and the application of smart materials. These innovations aim to significantly extend the service life of offshore assets while minimizing operational risks and environmental impact.